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A cold is caused by a virus, most often the rhinovirus, which typically causes the lining of the nose and throat to inflame. Nasal sprays that contain medications such as xylometazoline, or oxymetazoline such as Sudafed non-drowsy nasal spray, will help reduce the swelling in the nose that causes congestion. Our studies found nasal sprays to be more effective than decongestant tablets.
Putting your head over a steaming bowl of hot water for five minutes can help. It soothes and clears the airways. 
Add a few drops of menthol Vaporub or crystals to the water, which has a cooling effect on nerves in the nose, making it feel clear and cool.
Look for lozenges with a strong taste — this will promote salivation to help coat and soothe a sore throat. Covonia lozenges, which contain menthol and capsicum, are good.
For the same reason, spicy foods, hot soups and drinks with bitter flavours can help, too.
The relief provided by cough mixtures comes more from the sweet, tasty syrup that lubricates the throat than from the active ingredients.
For a chesty cough, choose strong-flavoured medicines and look for expectorants such as guaifenesin, which help thin mucus and clear it from the airways.
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